1. Define data and information
=> Data - is collection of raw facts and figuers or a raw inputs which when processed or arranged makes meaningfull output.
- refers to a collection of organised information, usually the result of experience, observation or experiment, other information within a computer system, or a set of premises. This may consist of numbers, words, or images, particularly as measurements or observations of a set of variables.
- Facts, statistics used for reference or analysis.
- Numbers, characters, symbols, images etc., which can be processed by a computer.
- Data must be interpreted, by a human or machine, to derive meaning
- "Data is a representation of information" *
- Latin 'datum' meaning "that which is given"
=>Information - is data that is oraganized , meaningfull and useful for making a decision
- in its most restricted technical sense, is a sequence of symbols that can be interpreted as a message.
- Knowledge derived from study, experience (by the senses), or instruction.
- Communication of intelligence.
- "Information is any kind of knowledge that is exchangeable amongst people, about things, facts, concepts, etc., in some context." *
- "Information is interpreted data" *
2. Give difference between data nad information
Data Information
it's a colection of facts and figures it's a colection of final result
it's in an unoraganized form it's in an oraganized form
it's not in directly useful form it's in directly useful form
it needs processing it doesn't needs any processing
it's also termed as input it's also termed as output
it requires observation and recordings it requires analysis
3. Explain term technology and IT
=> Technology is the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function
=> Information technology (IT) is the use of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones.
4. list the generation of computer
=> Five generation of computer are there.
First Generation 1940-1956Second Generation 1956-1963
Third Generation 1964-1971
Fourth Generation 1971-Present
Fifth Generation - Present and Beyond
5. compare the difference amongest each generation of computer
Computer Generations
Q. Compare and contrast the different computer generations.Comparison:
I. All the generations had storage mechanisms.
II. There was innovation in each generation resulting to the advancement of new computers.
III. In all the generations there was heat generation.
IV. Each generation saw improved storage and instruction levels.
Contrast:
1st Generation (1946 -1956)
I. Relied on vacuum tubes to store and process information.
II. Consumed great deal of power.
III. Used magnetic drum memories.
IV. Had a maximum of 2000 bytes (2kb).
2nd Generation (1957- 1963)
I. Relied on transistor technology and magnetic core memories.
II. Generated less heat.
III. Transistors were much stable and reliable than vacuum tubes.
IV. Memory size expanded to 32 kilobytes and speed of 200,000 to 300,000 per second.
3rd Generation (1964 - 1979)
I. Magnetic disk was developed for storage.
II. Used intergrated circuits made of combining several transistors.
III. Consisted of fast mainframe computers such as IBM 360,370 and 8-bit microcomputers.
IV. Memory expanded to 2 megabytes of RAM (random access memory) and speed accelerated to 5 million instructions per second.
4th Generation (1979 - 1989)
I. Used Large Scale Intergrated (LSI – combining hundreds of transistors) and Very Large Scale Intergration (VLSI – 200,000 to 400,000 transistors).
II. Used memories of magnetic disks, bubble memories and optical disks.
III. Memory size expanded to several hundred megabytes and a speed of 50 mips per second.
5th Generation (1990 – present)
I. Used parallel architectures.
II. Had 3 dimensional circuit designs and super conducting materials.
III. Had improved computer net workings.
IV. Saw developments of super computers with a range of 1 gigabyte to 1 terabyte instruction per second.
COMPARISION IN GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
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Set by Abush Zewude
